What are some common historical misconceptions?
07.06.2025 16:10
Science was frowned upon by the Vatican Church
During the rule of Pope John VIII (872–882) he allowed the Slavonic language to be sung during a ceremony that would formally welcome the Slavs of Eastern Europe to the faith after a missionary by the name of Methods of Thessalonica requested that the Pope allow this to make the process of conversions easier.
Until recently, it was assumed that Ho Chi Minh had been the true head of state of North Vietnam.
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Those listening thought this meant that the Berlin Wall could be torn down.
Not only were the French — and Spanish — much larger and more technologically advanced than the Revolutionaries, they also equipped Washington’s armies on multiple occasions, including at Saratoga.
Though the first group of belligerents and their struggles are better remembered today, it was the second that proved decisive.
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Ultimately, it was decided that members of the clergy would be ineligible to have offspring moving forward so that later generations of priests, bishops, cardinals, and even the pope, would be chosen based on merit and qualifications, and not by bloodline.
This had more to do with the wealthier passengers being closer to the lifeboats, as opposed to a deliberate policy.
Before Waterloo, Wellington had also come very close to being encircled between the forces of Napoleon and Ney near Genappe — it was due to a miscommunication on the part of the French that saved the British, otherwise, the course of the campaign, as well as modern history, would have turned out differently.
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Only females were accused of witchcraft, and they were executed by burning
In all that time, many myths and misconceptions have come and gone.
William Tell is more or less the William Wallace of Switzerland: a patriot who helped his countrymen defeat their overlords and bring about an age of independence.
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Hitler had no justifiable cause to invade the Soviet Union
Even Tennessee was given a temporary exemption on the advice of Vice President Andrew Johnson, who was concerned of the state’s lack of industries that would otherwise make immediate abolition impractical.
Today, we see Ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman statues and imagine they were always bland, soulless entities.
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His word was accepted as truthful — especially among the educated classes.
Stalin had long dreamt of an invasion of mainland Europe even before Hitler took office in 1933.
“Cop” was a term used for law enforcement, due to wearing copper on their uniforms
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Needless to say, the First Crusade was an attempt to stem the tide of the struggle back in favour of the Byzantines.
Samurai fought with swords
A Greek mathematician and astronomer by the name of Eratosthenes (d. 194 BCE) had already correctly calculated the circumference of the Earth two centuries before Christ walked the planet.
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Not only was warfare particularly mobile in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, but even on the Western Front, soldiers fought for hilltops, forests, ruined villages — all of them located in No Man’s Land.
Consequently, it was not uncommon for Moscow and Beijing to find themselves in a rivalry that was every much as intense and bitter as the more well-known theme of the Kremlin having its showdown with the White House.
The American Revolutionary War was fought between the United States and the United Kingdom
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King Louis XIV is often portrayed as an imposing figure comparable to the likes of Charlemagne, Peter the Great, and Abraham Lincoln, though in reality, the Sun King was only 163 centimetres tall — a short person even by the standards of his time.
In all probability, this realization would have been closer in the minds of the conspirators than an emergency phone number whose significance is little known outside of North America.
Though they may not have been as destructive as the modern civilizations that followed — perhaps owing more to technological inability than unwillingness — it would be naive to compare an average Native American with a Park Ranger.
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Katherine of Aragon died from illness, as did Jane Seymour — who succumbed shortly after delivering a son, the future King Edward VI.
The Russian Revolution happened in October
In actuality, William was forced to do this, and he had two arrows — one was used as a spare.
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Whereas 16% of steerage males survived, only 8% of men in Second Class did.
King Louis XIV was tall
Roman Catholic clergy became celibates in devotion to God
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In actuality, the skirmish took place six buildings to the west at C.S. Fly’s photography workshop on Fremont Street.
Westerners — and even contemporary Japanese — have since become captivated at the sight of a Katana sword and a Samurai wielding it, which has since made the weapon appear more important in ancient Japanese history than it actually was.
Regardless, even if August 24 was correct, it is unlikely that it would have matched August 24 of today, due to Roman calendars being different from the modern Gregorian Calendar — not to mention, they would not have seen their year as 79 AD, since our yearly calendar did not start until it was introduced by Dionysius Exiguus, more than three centuries later.
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Ho Chi Minh was the leader of North Vietnam
The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776
Nonetheless, it must be remembered that it was not just Wellington and Napoleon who faced off at Waterloo, but also the Prussians under Blucher, who had fought Napoleon at Ligny two days beforehand, and who played a decisive role preventing the French from breaking the British lines.
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People today often picture the Great Pyramids of Giza in Ancient Egypt as being the work of slaves.
Even some Chinese Emperor — including Emperor Kangxi — found this abhorrent, and he successfully outlawed it for a brief period, only to reinstate it under political pressure by those who refused to comply with his laws.
Had the Soviet dictator spent the same amount of resources on defensive units, the Wehrmacht would never have come close to taking Moscow — at least, not in 1941.
Some historians believe that Pliny the Younger may have made a mistake in his recollections, due to the types of vegetables that were found in storage from the sites of Pompeii and Herculaneum, which are said to not become ripe until much later in the season.
However, there are others who strongly suggest that it was actually an abbreviation for Constable on Patrol.
Furthermore, he was opposed to the execution of Marie Antoinette, and only reluctantly voted in favour of executing King Louis XVI of France — he refused to witness the execution in person.
That some individuals, such as Galileo, got in trouble often had more to do with how they conducted themselves than any “radical” findings.
Henry VIII had six wives in his lifetime.
Until Vatican II, the Roman Catholic Church had never had a ceremony in the vernacular language
However, if given the choice, they preferred the bow and arrow.
In actuality, these objects were almost certainly well coloured in their days, but have since worn off with the passage of time, and its exposure to elements, such as oxygen.
And so, a lot of people who know of William Tell imagine him pointing a bow and arrow at an apple situated immediately above his offspring, in hopes that his feat would result in children playing his song in high school music classes centuries later.
Burning victims alive is a common stereotype when it comes to discussing the history of witchcraft, but it is mostly false.
Th VISA plan was scrapped before it ever had a chance of launching.
This form of blatant nepotism did not escape the attention of a monk named Cluny, who successfully convinced the Vatican to make stricter regulations pertaining to this form of malpractice.
Gladiators fought to the death
Even though it did not help in their long-term preservation, palaeontologists now believe that dinosaurs continued to live through the Cretaceous Period and into the start of the Palaeocene Period for upwards of another million years.
Ironically, the term, “Big Bang Theory” was originally used by atheists who wanted to mock Lemaitre’s findings as a poor excuse of trying to bring a scientific explanation to Genesis — after all, a static universe was generally accepted even by Albert Einstein, who only later acknowledged that Lemaitre was correct.
In actuality, it is now believed that Le Duan was the one calling the shots, with even General Nguyen Giap possibly outranking Ho Chi Minh.
Wealthy people survived the Titanic, while poor people died
When asked when this was to happen, he said “Right now”.
Though he was pleased at the tens of thousands of men and women from all walks of life — from the peasantry, to royalty — who responded to his call, it is doubtful that Pope Urban II had anticipated such a response.
Mount Vesuvius erupted on August 24, 79 AD
And just as we today often change our legal system, the same was applicable in medieval times.
When the overlord who forced him to shoot the first arrow asked why he had taken a second, William said that had his first shot missed and killed his son, he would have used the second on the person asking him a question.
Al-Qaeda attacked on September 11, 2001 because it coincides with the emergency number 9–1–1
Dinosaurs were killed by an asteroid
Males in First Class were moderately more likely to survive, though this was in part due to them being physically stronger and better swimmers — First Class passengers such as Archibald Gracie, Algernon Henry Barkworth, Jack Thayer, and Richard Norris were rescued from the water after the ship sank.
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When the Terracotta Warriors were first excavated in 1974, they were also found fully colourized by the archaeologists who first entered, only for their splendid colours to quickly evaporate, thanks to being exposed to the outside world for the first time in nearly 2,200 years.
The legendary gunfight by armed bandits versus a small group of law enforcement personnel under Marshall Wyatt Earp at approximately 3 PM on October 26, 1881 has often been depicted as taking place at the OK Corral — sometimes even within its interior.
His height was due to wearing long heels underneath his feet.
It is also quite possible that September 11 was chosen because it was the first day that members of Congress would be returning to the Capitol for the season, and nothing more.
A transaction was also found inscribed within the ruins of Pompeii, with a date of October 17, leading some to believe that the volcano erupted closer to October 24.
Ironically, even Napoleon — often nicknamed as the “Little Corporal” — was slightly taller at 170 centimetres.
The Soviet Union also relied heavily on bombers, T-34 tanks, long-range artillery, and a million paratroopers among other examples — all of them offensive-based units.
Just like the latter, the former also chose to do this after being struck in the face by a puck, though he quickly took the mask back off, because its design at the time made its usage impractical.
The American Civil War ended slavery in the United States
Many of our modern artistic and scientific achievements can be credited to the Church.
Native Americans cut forests — enough to cause global cooling in medieval times — and they hunted buffalo herds by routing them off a cliff and consuming only a fraction of their kill.
It must also be remembered that he was not in charge of the National Assembly throughout most of the Reign of Terror.
The First Crusade was an attempt to conquer the Middle East
Realizing the urgency of the situation, and being well aware of the Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula nearly four centuries earlier in 711, and the deadly Barbary raid on Rome a quarter of a millennium earlier in 846, Pope Urban II disclosed the situation publicly at the Council of Clermont.
Other members of the National Assembly were far harsher, and it was due to Robespierre’s moderate views — as opposed to his reputed extremism — that did him in.
The Siege of Yorktown in 1781 only ended as disastrously as it did for Cornwallis because the British fleet that was intended to relieve him and his men was shattered by a French naval force at Chesapeake — the victorious French then proceeded to obliterate the Yorktown garrison with mortar artillery.
The Berlin Wall was torn down as a gesture of goodwill
Ancient statues were grey
Women and children from the upper-classes overwhelmingly survived, while the majority of steerage women and children did not.
An epic Wild West gunfight took place in front of the OK Corral
The Cold War was between Moscow and Washington and its allies
Though it was common practice to cremate a person convicted of such acts, they were almost always executed — usually by strangulation — beforehand, and this also includes the Salem Witch Trials.
Trenches were primarily an effective means of protecting frontline soldiers from artillery, and of preventing enemy infiltration behind the lines, but were rarely the centre of the worst fights of the war.
World War One was trench warfare
Even President John Adams had wanted Independence Day to be celebrated on the 2nd of July for this reason — he continued doing so even after the 4th of July was adopted.
Wellington always regarded the outcome as one that could have gone either way, even with Prussian assistance, which was why he also admitted that had he not believed that Blucher would be able to assist him, he would not have risked an open battle, and would have retreated north to Brussels.
Starting around 1000 AD, it became common practice for Chinese aristocrats to bound their daughters’ feet by breaking their toes during their infancy so that they would fit in tiny shoes.
Union states such as Kentucky, Missouri, Delaware, and Maryland were exempt, as were certain southern cities, such as New Orleans, which had fallen to a naval assault earlier in the conflict.
By the time Schabowski realized what this misunderstanding had caused, it was too late to put a stop.
In the years immediately before 1095, the Byzantine Empire — known at the time as the “Roman Empire” — had suffered a series of defeats, most notably at Manzikert in 1071.
The majority preferred to live and raise a family, and so they rarely went into an arena anticipating either themselves or their opponent would be slain.
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If there was any controversy that existed from then on, it was in regards to the size of the Earth and the accuracy of map drawing — not its physical shape.
Some of them are still with us to this day, while others are no longer misunderstood, because they have since long faded into the sands of time.
The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 2, 1776, and certified two days later.
Historians who specialize in this period have reported that many of the grisly forms of execution we associate with medieval practices either only came near the end of the era, or during the Renaissance Period.
In Ottawa, a Senators Goalie by the name of Clint Benedict began wearing a mask in 1930 — almost three decades before Jacques Plante wore his.
In the early centuries of the Roman Catholic Church, it was common for clergymen to give titles to their male offspring and bequeath their property.
If we were to go by the outdated Julian Calendar, the Bolsheviks first seized power on October 25, 1917.
There were many things that could have gone wrong throughout the Waterloo campaign.
In fact, Egyptologists have since claimed that the earliest recorded labour strike in history was in regards to professional labourers complaining about their working conditions and wages.
This did not include only Asiatic nations, such as Cambodia, but also European nations, such as Albania.
Even though trenches were visibly present during the First World War, it is inaccurate to see the First World War as a game of who would run out of manpower first.
The Pyramids of Giza were built by slaves
All Chinese women bound their feet
In 1989, Gunter Schabowski — speaking on behalf of the East German Government — had announced the implementation of a VISA plan that would allow his citizens to travel West on a case-by-case basis.
Abraham Lincoln had allowed slavery to exist if it would preserve the Union, and even the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, only emancipated slaves who were in territories that were in secession at the time of its enactment.
Anne of Cleves was divorced shortly after marriage, but was given a private estate, a generous allowance, and she remained on good terms — even outliving Henry, as did his last wife, Katherine Parr.
Furthermore, not all those executed were females.
Though seldom done before 1962, the Roman Catholic Church did have one major exception to this rule.
Native Americans were environmentalists
Henry VIII killed all his wives
Some gladiators fought to the death, either as punishment for a legal wrongdoing, or as part of a special ceremony.
Maximilien Robespierre was an enthusiastic executioner
William Tell shot an apple off his son’s head for giggles
The outcome of the American War of Independence was not just an affair between the British and ‘Patriots’, but also a war between the British and the French.
Kievan Rus, a medieval empire that was located in Eastern Europe, not only prohibited the death penalty by constitution, but also torture and excessive fines.
To put that into context, modern humans have only been around for 200,000 years, and the Great Pyramids of Giza were built just over 5,000 years ago.
By the 1960s, many countries within the communist world had switched allegiance from Moscow to China.
Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard were executed for adultery — not for failing to deliver a son.
Robespierre had long been an opponent of capital punishment — so much so that the Arras-born lawyer was reprimanded by the courts on multiple occasions, due to his refusal to vote in favour of execution, regardless of circumstances.
If we are to accept the modern Gregorian Calendar, the more accurate date is November 7, 1917.
September 11 has long been associated with Islamic setbacks, whether it be at Malta (1565), Vienna (1683) or Zenta (1697).
Just like in today’s world, different countries have different laws that greatly differ.
History is in itself a chronologically lengthy subject with 13 billion years already in the past, with many more yet to come.
In medieval China and Japan, both countries had periods when capital punishment was legally outlawed — in Japan, it was abolished for over three centuries, between 818–1156 AD.
This is not to say that mishaps did not happen, but this was not the norm.
Contrary to popular belief, the K-T extinction event from 65 million years ago was not a Doomsday for the dinosaurs of Jurassic fame.
Medieval executions were common and brutal
Only then did Cornwallis — who nearly defeated the Revolutionaries many times even with the French at his back — finally acquiesce and surrender his forces.
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The structures themselves required such advanced mathematical and engineering capabilities that it is very unlikely that they would have used random people for these projects.
Nonetheless, this was never practiced by the peasantry, who needed women to labour in the fields, nor by Christian, Muslim, and Jewish Chinese, nor by certain ethnic groups, such as the Hakka, nor even by some aristocratic families with a disdain for the concept, who often intentionally married off their sons and daughters on condition that the latter not have bound feet.
Nowadays, he is widely seen as a mere figurehead, who was not even able to convince senior authorities to not go ahead with the 1968 Ho Chi Minh Offensive — which he had firmly opposed, on the grounds of wasted manpower.
People believed the earth was flat
Wellington outplayed Napoleon at Waterloo
Samurai often used swords for ceremonial displays, or as a last resort when forced into a melee fight.
Males were often accused of sorcery, not only in Western Europe, but as far east as Russia, where the Slavs actually executed males accused of these sorts of offences at three times the rate of females.
When it came to men, the story was different.
A Belgian priest and professor of astronomy by the name of Georges Lemaitre even came up with the concept of the “Big Bang” long before Edwin Hubble did.